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Life Without Mass (or Why I Love Physics)

One of the reasons I love physics is the line between theory and mindblowing practice is pretty thin. The recently discovered Higgs Boson gives everything mass. It’s hard to imagine what life would be like without mass, but here’s a glimpse.

According to Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, massless particles (like electrons) are destined to forever travel at the speed of light. And for anything traveling at the speed of light the past, present and future are the same thing. So the Higgs actually makes time possible.

If you’re not familiar with the Higgs Boson, check out this video

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  • 10 months ago
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Astronomy is mind blowing

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One of the many good things about living in LA is the weather.  This is why I was very annoyed to miss this month’s full lunar eclipse due to a week of nonstop rain.  The last full eclipse I witnessed was in winter 2008, and it showed a completely different perspective on an object I was so used to seeing.  

We usually view the moon and the stars in 2 dimensions.  We know in our head it’s 3D, but it doesn’t quite register what this means.  Next time you look at the moon, do a little test: pick up a ball (a tennis ball, or go crazy - a basketball) and hold it next to the moon.  Most likely, you’ll see a sphere (the ball), and a flat circle (the moon).  Obviously, both a spheres, but with objects in the sky it’s very difficult for us to register depth.  The beauty of a lunar eclipse is that by dimming the light on the moon, we can clearly see that it’s a big ball hanging in space.  
To go a step further, the stars are also giant balls (ha!)  Considering how far they are from us, it’s even more difficult to imagine the stars in 3D (it takes light from the moon 1.3 seconds to reach the earth, and from the nearest star - 4.2 years).  But next time you’re looking at the sky, try visualizing the stars and the moon as spheres.  When you do, you may literally lose your mind. 

Astronomy is amazing because it shows the insignificance of everything we deal with on earth.  Here are 3 of my favorite mind blowing facts:
1. Every single star we see with the naked eye is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of the hundreds of billions of galaxies in the observable universe.  

2. Looking at the stars is like a time machine - the further the star, the further back we’re looking (because it takes light longer to travel from there).  Some of the farthest away stars we can see with telescopes are ~13 billion light years away - roughly the age of the universe.  So we can literally see things as they were right after the Big Bang.
3. We are used to seeing stars as static.  But as vast as the astronomic distances are, so is the time scale.  Some of the images captured by the Hubble telescope show snapshots of galaxy collisions.  Check out this animation of what this looks like in astronomy time, and you may get a sense that we are actually stuck in a moment of time of a much larger evolving universe.

It’s hard to think about astronomy because of it’s scale.  But when you try to, it’s a very rewarding experience.  Whatever you do, don’t think about this on acid.
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  • 1 year ago
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Time is weird

Time

We are used to visualizing time as a horizontal arrow with past, present and future.  I just read a book that offers a different point of view: time is a vertically stacked collection of “now’s”.

It’s not a new concept (Zen), but thinking about time in this way is liberating. “Now” is all we ever have. We can eliminate the illusion of being able to control the future (i.e. just deal with it when it becomes the “now”) and stop wasting time thinking about what should have been done differently in the past.

I especially love this in the context of Einstein’s relativity.  Since the “arrow of time” implies a straight line, we know it’s incorrect. We measure our time based on revolutions of Earth on its axis, and around the Sun - this is actually not movement of time, but movement of us in space.  And since Einstein proved (100 years ago although most of us still don’t grasp it) that time can bend, slow down or speed up, the visualization of time as a stack of “now’s” is much more realistic than the arrow.

Worth thinking about.

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  • 1 year ago
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Language

I’m fascinated by languages and find it amazing that people have agreed on a set of rules to allow communication between each other.  

One of the most interesting things to study is how the structure of a language affects behavior of its speakers.  In particular, Russian, Spanish and German have a formal and informal “you” - вы/ты, usted/tu, sie/du respectively.  (I’m sure other languages have the same phenomenon, but these I know for sure).

It’s amazing what an impact this bifurcation has on communication, and what an opportunity for awkwardness it provides.

A few weeks ago my wife (who’s German) and I had lunch with our friend, whose mom is fluent in German.  So we spent 2 hours speaking English, with plenty of “you’s” being exchanged.  But then ze Germans decided to switch for a minute.  Since my wife is younger than our friend’s mom, she kinda has to address her formally (sie).  But they just talked for hours in English!  So what did she decide to do?  Avoid saying “you” altogether and awkwardly dance around it.

This is very familiar to me.  Doing business in Russia, it’s normal to start with вы (formal) and then suggest to switch to ты (informal).  Of course, the best thing is to avoid this altogether, which all Russians know how to do.  (Luckily in my business everyone is young, so I’ve started to take it easy on the formality.)

I think the structure of a language affects behavior of the speakers.  In English communication everyone is equal.  Doesn’t matter if you just met, or are much younger.  This results in an openness that’s condusive to business and relationship building.  Formality is not.  It creates borders, divides people and is just awkward. 

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  • 1 year ago
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Telepathy

Telepathy

I grew up in Russia, and until the age of 16 I spoke mainly Russian. Now I speak mainly English. I think and dream in English most of the time, except for occasional drunk outbursts of Russian.

Two weeks ago I was in a meeting with 3 other Russians (who are fluent Russian) when something interesting happened. We spent an hour talking in English without realizing it (this was partially because we were more comfortable with tech terms in English, but still).  This is when I realized that language is just a tool - a very powerful one, but still just a tool until we master telepathy.

My dog understands English, Russian and German.  Better said, we both speak Dog language, which is essentially telepathy.  It’s based

on a) understanding the situation and evaluating what the other dog/person MAY want to communicate, and b) choose the right option by feeling the other dog/person (reading body language, eyes, etc).

From what I’ve heard (and will learn first-hand soon), communicating with infants is based on the same principle. Telepathy.

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  • 2 years ago
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Physics, connectedness and what everything is made of

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Most ancient spiritual disciplines claim that everything in the world is connected to each other, and to a higher underlying “source”.  This has been known and accepted in the East for thousands of years.  I used to think this was “soft Kumbaya hippie nonsense”, which sounds really nice but is far from reality, until I started to look into this from the scientific standpoint and found some unbelievable things.  Here’s a very brief history of physics and its understanding of connectedness. The father of western physics was Sir Isaac Newton.  He looked at objects we are used to seeing every day (things like cannon balls and the Earth), and described their behavior in his Laws of Motion which explained explaining inertia, gravity, acceleration, etc.  Everything made sense, was predictable and simple.  The lesser known but fascinating fact about Newton is that he made these discoveries in his twenties.  He dedicated the rest of his life to studying a science which is not even considered “a science” in the West – alchemy.  Alchemy is much more closely related to the Eastern spiritual disciplines, explaining connectedness and “flow”.  But western science is finally catching up.
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The next breakthrough came with Albert Einstein, who studied objects, forces and speeds infinitely greater than those we are used to seeing (things like galaxies, and the speed of light).  Strange things began to happen: space and time no longer behaved as expected.  Nothing was straight; everything twisted, turned and looped.  This theory (Theory of Relativity) changed the way we view the world and added an aspect of “magic” to science. Around the same time several scientists (mostly Germans: Bohr, Heisenberg, Planck, Schrödinger, Pauli etc) decided to look at objects and forces infinitely smaller than those we can see.  Things got even stranger.  They found that objects weren’t really objects.  They’re energy.  Moreover, they can be particles AND energy at the same time.  The only thing that defined what things actually were was the act of observation.  Until you looked at something, it remained both an object and energy, but once you observed it – it turned into one of the two.  I’m obviously over-simplifying Quantum Mechanics, but this is actual science, discovered 100 years ago. The problem was that when you tried to combine Einstein’s equations with Quantum Mechanics, they didn’t agree.  When you looked at huge things, Einstein’s equations made sense.  When you looked at sub-atomic particles – Quantum Mechanics did.  And of course, Newton’s equations continued to work for our every day world.  But neither theory explained everything. Since then Einstein and other scientists have been looking for the Grand Unified Theory – one that would explain everything in the world, from the smallest to the largest.  In the early 1980s such theory began to take shape.  It was called String Theory, and is currently the one theory that can explain everything.  The good news is String Theory hasn’t been disproven.  The bad news is it hasn’t been proven without a doubt either, but most scientists agree it is correct. According to String Theory, everything in this world – physical objects, light, sound, electricity, gravity and any other forms of energy – is made of tiny vibrating strings.  The frequency of their vibration defines what particle/energy each string creates. The most interesting aspect of these strings is the ONLY way they CAN work mathematically is if they vibrate in 10 (or 11) dimensions.  This means that, according to modern western science, the only way for the world to make sense is if it operates in 10 dimensions.  This is hard to fathom, considering we understand only 4 of them (the 4th being Time). Many physicists think those extra dimensions are invisible because they are too small, and kind of “stick to” objects we see, and escape our view.  I think this is incredibly arrogant.  Why do we think we have the “largest” point of view in the universe?  This approach seems similar to the geocentric view our ancient ancestors had – thinking the Earth was the center of the universe.  What if those extra dimensions were much bigger than us?  This is something Eastern philosophies have thought to be true for thousands of years. Here’s how you can visualize them.  Think your life from the moment you’re reading this “NOW”, to the moment you’re reading this ……… “NOW”……. as a straight line in one dimension, just like a normal line you would draw with a ruler.  This is the 4th dimension.  Then try to imagine if you could bend this line - just like you could bend a line drawn on a piece of paper - through the dimension above.  Now we’re in 5th dimension.  If you follow this logic to the higher dimensions, some unbelievable things happen, which actually make logical sense.  Since I can’t do this explanation justice, you have to see this video to understand it.  It will blow your mind. As you’ll see, by the time you get to the 10th dimension, EVERYTHING is contained in a single point.  Meaning this point, which vibrates in 10 dimensions, contains in itself EVERYTHING that is, what has possibly ever been and could possible ever be.  Keep in mind, this isn’t religion – this is modern science! This is worth thinking about further.  Science – not religion - suggests (although doesn’t prove yet) that we are all literally connected.  In fact, we are one “thing” on some level.  This drastically changes our relationship with the world and with each other.  I’m certain that future developments in this area will change our world for the better.  Perhaps this could qualify one for the Nobel Prize for Peace as well as for Physics. Let me know what you think, and I’ll be happy to suggest further reading.

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  • 2 years ago
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